Educación inclusiva en tiempos de pandemia: efectos de la COVID-19 en estudiantes con discapacidad
Keywords:
inclusive education, disability, COVID-19, educational inequalityAbstract
La pandemia de COVID-19 generó una crisis educativa sin precedentes, afectando de manera significativa la continuidad del aprendizaje a nivel global y evidenciando profundas desigualdades en los sistemas educativos. El presente estudio, desarrollado desde un enfoque cualitativo y con un diseño descriptivo-analítico, tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de la pandemia en la educación de estudiantes con discapacidad en contextos de vulnerabilidad. A partir de la revisión sistemática de fuentes documentales, informes institucionales y estudios previos, se identificaron las principales barreras y respuestas educativas implementadas durante el cierre de instituciones. Los resultados muestran que la interrupción de la educación presencial y la transición a modalidades remotas profundizaron las brechas existentes, especialmente debido a limitaciones en el acceso a tecnologías, la falta de recursos educativos adaptados y las condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables. Asimismo, se evidenció que muchas de las estrategias adoptadas replicaron modelos tradicionales sin considerar la diversidad del alumnado, lo que limitó la participación de estudiantes con discapacidad y afectó su bienestar integral. El estudio también destaca la influencia de factores estructurales, como la pobreza y la limitada preparación docente, en la efectividad de las respuestas educativas. En este contexto, se concluye que la pandemia no solo intensificó las desigualdades educativas, sino que también puso en evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer los sistemas educativos mediante enfoques inclusivos, flexibles y resilientes. Finalmente, se plantea que esta crisis representa una oportunidad para replantear los modelos educativos hacia una mayor equidad y garantizar el derecho a la educación en cualquier contexto.
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